Aerosols are solid and liquid particles of microscopic dimensions which are airborne and depending on weather, can be transported over long distances. Their either anthropogenic origin e.g. industrial activity and biomass burning, either natural e.g. soil dust and forest fires. Aerosols significantly affect the global climate by reflecting or scattering or absorbing solar radiation as appropriate. They causing a cooling effect which, at least partially, offset the effect of heating caused by the increased concentration of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect. Even at a local level, the impact of aerosols on radiation can be greater than that of greenhouse gases. Their observation, although difficult because of their many components, is important and is achieved by measuring the optical depth of the aerosol (AOD). The optical depth expresses the quantity of light removed from a beam by scattering or absorption during its path through a medium. The remote sensing for the identification and characterization of aerosols is done by the measurement of radiation in the near ultraviolet (ë=330-380nm), but also in the visible spectrum (ë=550nm). Sahara Desert is considered as an important source of natural dust generation from mineral particles. Approximately 4 million tons of dust are transported annually from Sahara to the Mediterranean. We consider 4 classes of particles for the dust. The table lists these classes and the elements that define them. k Type Typical radius Rk(um) Density ñk (g/cm3) ãk 1 Clay 0,73 2,50 0,08 2 Silt (small) 6,10 2,65 1,00 3 Silt (large) 18,00 2,65 1,00 4 Sand 38,00 2,65 0,12 (ãk is the ratio between the mass available for uplift and the total mass) The sludge is separated into two categories, small and large, but they contribute in the same proportion when lifted by the wind. Regarding the sand, she has atmospheric lifetime of about 1 hour with the result not to participate in large scale transport. However, sand aerosols observation can provide important information on areas affected by mobile sand dunes. The dust from the Sahara desert, transports substances which regenerate a variety of ecosystems by depositing nutrients. While this is happening thousands of years, in our time the desert is highly polluted by various human activities. So the dust transports due to pollution and substances dangerous for the human body and depending on the composition of the dust, they may have toxic effects. Analysis revealed the presence of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, iron, manganese, vanadium, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc. Lead and arsenic are among the most hazardous to humans. It's better when there is an transport and deposition of dust episode, especially for people with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, to avoid staying in this environment, why this increases the risk of injury to the lungs, heart attack and lung cancer. The transport and deposition of dust episodes in the Mediterranean appear strongly the spring season and wane at winter. Also during the summer, the region of the Aegean Sea is lesser affected. Which can be attributed to the effect of the 'Etesian or Meltemi' winds (Annual northern winds). The removal of dust from the air takes place by two mechanisms. The dry and the wet deposition. Particles smaller than 10 ìm are removed primarily by wet deposition and turbulent dry deposition. Particles larger than 10 ìm are removed primarily through sedimentation, for gravitational reasons.